Bougainvillea spectabilis: complete guide

Overview

Bougainvillea spectabilis, commonly known as great bougainvillea, is a spectacular flowering plant from the Nyctaginaceae family. This plant originates from Brazil, particularly from the northeast and south. The plant owes its name to the striking colored bracts (modified leaves), which are usually red, pink, orange or white.

This is a popular choice for gardens in warm climates, widely used as a climbing plant, shrub or hanging plant. Bougainvillea spectabilis produces massive colored bracts for months, creating a spectacular display in summer and fall.

Appearance and Growth

Bougainvillea spectabilis is a climbing shrub that can grow several meters high depending on support and care. The leaves are green, elongated and rough-textured. The actual flowers are small and cream-colored, but the striking colored bracts surround the flowers.

The bracts can be red, pink, orange, magenta or white. The plant blooms for months in warm conditions, especially in summer and fall. Blooming can be spectacular with dozens or hundreds of flowers at once.

The plant has thorns along the stems, so be careful when handling.

Ideal Location

Bougainvillea spectabilis grows best in a location with full sun. The plant requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal blooming. More sun gives more intense color and more flowers.

The plant accepts partial shade, but blooming will be reduced. In very hot climates some afternoon shade can help, but full sun is generally best.

Plant against a warm south or west-facing wall for best heat and sun.

Soil Type

Bougainvillea spectabilis grows best in well-draining soil. Heavy clay should be avoided. Add sand and organic material to heavy soils.

The plant tolerates both acidic and alkaline soils. pH between 6 and 7 is ideal. Poor, nutrient-poor soils can be used, but moderate feeding can encourage growth.

Good drainage is critical to prevent root rot.

Watering

Bougainvillea spectabilis loves water during the growing season but tolerates drought well once established. Water regularly in summer, especially in the first two years.

In winter or dry seasons, water sparingly. The plant can tolerate drought well and excessive water can cause root rot.

The plant is tolerant of poor drainage in some conditions.

Pruning

Bougainvillea spectabilis responds well to pruning. Prune the plant after blooming to control growth and shape. This also stimulates more blooming next season.

Remove old, dead or damaged branches. Prune in spring for best results.

The plant can be pruned significantly and will recover quickly.

Maintenance Calendar

Spring: Growing season starts. Perform pruning. Begin regular watering.

Summer: Full bloom. Enjoy spectacular display. Water regularly. Add fertilizer.

Fall: Blooming continues. Gradually reduce watering.

Winter: Plant may have dormancy period. Minimal water in cold climates. Protect from frost.

Winter Hardiness

Bougainvillea spectabilis is not winter hardy in temperate climates. The plant dies at temperatures below 5 degrees Celsius. In warm climates with frost-free winters it will thrive.

In colder regions, plant in pot and bring inside in winter. Or plant against a south-facing wall where it gets some warmth.

Companion Plants

Bougainvillea spectabilis combines well with:

• Ipomoea for blue flowers
• Mandevilla for similar growing needs
• Jasmine for fragrance
• Passiflora for interesting flowers
• Clematis for vertical effect

Group for colorful Mediterranean garden.

Conclusion

Bougainvillea spectabilis is a spectacular flowering plant that blooms for years. With massive colored bracts in red, pink, orange or other hues, it creates an unforgettable display.

Find Bougainvillea spectabilis in warm climate gardens or greenhouses. See gardenworld.app for design inspiration with tropical flowering plants. Discover more guides on gardenworld.app.