Paraná pine: complete guide

Araucaria grows best on well-draining soil rich in organic matter; it dislikes dense clay without amendment. The ideal pH is neutral to slightly acidic (6.0-7.0). Position the tree in full sun locations with at least six hours of direct sun daily; though it tolerates some shade, it grows faster in full sun. The tree is extremely cold-hardy to USDA zone 7 (down to minus 18 degrees Celsius) and many cultivars survive zone 6 with protection. In regions with fewer than two frost-free years, winter protection is needed; young trees may receive frost cloth wrapping to moderate cold damage. Water regularly during the first two to three growing seasons until deep root systems develop, but mature trees are very drought-tolerant. In very dry regions, add abundant mulch around the root zone to improve moisture retention. Fertilization is rarely needed on nutrient-rich soils, though a single application of slow-release tree fertilizer in spring may benefit poor soils. The tree requires minimal pruning and develops its characteristic form naturally; however, dead or damaged branches may be carefully removed. Heavy pruning can disfigure the plant, so minimize this practice. The tree grows slowly, especially when young, so plan on decades for full growth. This is not a tree for impatient gardeners! However, the unique architecture and slow, stable growth provide the benefit of a permanent focal point in the garden. Propagation from seed is possible but requires stratification (cold treatment) for several months; seed may be stratified in cool, dry conditions over winter before spring sowing. Seedlings grow slowly and require three to four years for substantial growth. Cuttings are extremely difficult and generally unsuccessful.