Brazilian plume (Justicia carnea): complete guide

Overview

Justicia carnea, better known as Brazilian plume or Flamingo flower, is a beautiful tropical shrub from southeastern Brazil and Paraguay. With its striking pink to carmine flowers growing in elegant plumes, this is a plant that certainly attracts attention in any garden.

Although native to tropical Brazil, this plant grows well in temperate climates in containers or protected locations. In warmer climates (zones 9-11), it can thrive outdoors. The plant is also known as Jacobinia or Plumeflower.

Appearance and Bloom

Brazilian plume grows into an upright shrub reaching about 1.2 to 1.8 meters tall, with broad, dark green leaves. The leaves are oval to lance-shaped, smooth, and have prominent venation.

The flowers are where this plant truly shines. From July through October, long, dense flower spikes appear in pink to carmine shades. The flowers are tubular, approximately 2-3 centimeters long, and grow in characteristic plumes that stand upright above the foliage. The combination of shape and color immediately evokes flamingos, hence the alternative name.

The flowers are not fragrant but attract many butterflies and birds, especially in warm seasons.

Ideal Location

Brazilian plume grows best in full sun to light shade. At least four hours of direct sunlight daily ensures optimal flowering. Too much shade results in sparse flowers.

In temperate climates, plant it in a protected location against a south-facing wall or in a greenhouse. In warmer climates (zone 9+), it can grow outdoors in the open ground.

As a container plant, it's perfect for patios, balconies, and conservatories. The plant can be moved outside in summer and brought indoors in winter.

Soil

Brazilian plume grows best in nutrient-rich, well-draining potting soil. A mixture of:

• 40% garden soil
• 30% compost
• 20% perlite or sand
• 10% peat moss

is ideal. The pH should be between 6.0 and 7.5.

In open ground in warmer climates, it performs well in nutrient-rich, well-drained soil. Work in compost for better water and nutrient retention.

Poor drainage causes root-rot, so always ensure excellent drainage.

Watering

Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Check regularly; if the top centimeter feels dry, water. During the growing season (spring/summer), daily watering may be necessary, especially in containers.

In winter or dormancy, reduce watering significantly. The plant dislikes feet in water.

Higher humidity is appreciated, especially in dry environments. Mist occasionally or place on a humid surface.

Pruning

Regular pruning stimulates bushier growth and more flowers. Pinch back the tips to the first pair of leaves to encourage branching.

After blooming, prune back to about half the growth for a more compact form next season. Remove dead foliage and weak branches throughout the year.

In spring, hard pruning is acceptable and helps rejuvenate form.

Maintenance Calendar

Spring (March-May): Hard prune in early spring. Begin regular watering as growth accelerates. Start monthly fertilizing.

Summer (June-August): Regular watering. Apply fertilizer every two weeks. Observe blooming. Remove wilted flowers.

Fall (September-October): Continue watering but lower frequency. Continue fertilizing through October. Enjoy full bloom.

Winter (November-February): Minimal watering. No fertilizing. Rest period. In warmer climates minimal pruning.

Winter Hardiness

Brazilian plume is frost-sensitive. It tolerates temperatures down to approximately -2 degrees Celsius for short periods, but prolonged frost kills it.

In temperate zones, the plant must be grown in containers and brought indoors in winter. In zone 9+, it can overwinter outdoors in protected locations. In zone 10+, it can be permanently outdoors.

Protection from harsh, cold winds is essential.

Companion Plants

Combine Brazilian plume with other heat-loving plants:

• Fuchsias: Hanging flowers.
• Impatiens: Shade-tolerant.
• Caladiums: Colorful foliage.
• Bougainvillea: Full sun.
• Passionflower: Exotic blooms.

In containers, combine with silver-gray foliage plants like senecio for contrast.

Closing

Justicia carnea is a beautiful, flower-rich plant for gardeners in warmer climates or with protected growing spaces. Its feathered pink flowers bring tropical elegance to any garden.

Search for "Justicia carnea" or "Brazilian plume flower" from tropical nurseries or online garden shops. In Europe, this plant is less common, so specialized suppliers are likely needed.

Plant your Brazilian plume today and enjoy coming summers watching pink plumes attract butterflies and birds to your garden.